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Ionic Bond the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Ionic bonds are represented by dot and cross diagrams.
Sodium Chloride
(2,8,1) (2,8,7) (2,8) (2,8,8)
Ionic Bonding
- Results in crystals (rigid three dimensional lattice)
- High melting and boiling points
- Hard solids
- Soluble in water
- Electrolytes when aqueous or molten (ions free to move)
Mandatory Experiment: Tests for Anions
Anion Test ________________Result
Carbonate_____________________Add MgSO4_____________White precipitate formed
________________________________Add dilute HCl___________Turns limewater milky
Hydrogencarbonate ___ _____Add MgSO4______________White precipitate formed on heating
______________________________ _Add dilute HCl___________Turns limewater milky
Chloride _________________ Add AgNO3______________White precipitate soluble in ammonia
Nitrate_____________ Mix with cold FeSO4, heat gently____Brown ring forms
Sulphate______________________Add BaCl2_____________White precipitate formed insoluble in HCl
Sulphite_______________________Add BaCl2______________White precipitate formed soluble in HCl
Phosphate____Add ammonium molybdate heat gently_____Yellow precipitate forms soluble __________________________________________________________in ammonia reagent
